Identificação de contaminação genética do surubim híbrido interespecífico (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans X Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) em ambiente natural do Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

The interspecific hybrid between Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum is widely marketed for presenting higher docility and precocity compared to the parents. But the incorrect identification of hybrids and pure, with these leaks by fish farms, introduced the surubins hybrids in natural environments. The aim of this research was identify, by means of molecular techniques, the existence of surubins hybrids in rivers of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. The fishes (P. corruscans, P. reticulatum and surubin hybrid) were collected and identified visually by fishermen and researchers. Fin fragments of 183 fishes from Dourados, Ivinhema, Brilhante (Parana Basin), Negro, Aquidauana, Miranda, Paraguay (Paraguay Basin) were used. Total DNA was extracted with 5% Chelex Resin, performed multiplex-PCR and PCR-RFLP of RAG2, GLOBINA, EF1α, 18S rRNA nuclear genes and 16S rRNA mitochondrial. It was observed that among the 33 fishes that were collected in the Paraguay Basin, 10 were identified P. corruscans, 14 P. reticulatum, 7 Hybrids F1 and 2 Hibridys Post-F1, "Pintacharas." Already of 150 fishes of the Parana Basin, 66 were identified P. corruscans, 2 P. reticulatum, 61 Hybrids F1 and 21 Hybrids Post-F1, this 18 "Pintacharas" and 64 "Cachapintas". The results demonstrated that visual identification not did match with the genetic identification and molecular technique that was efficient, because it was possible to identify the hybrids and pures parentals. The implementation of project of management and conservation is necessary to maintain the genetic integrity of these populations in rivers of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.