Caracterização de resíduo gorduroso agroindustrial e estudos de sua aplicação na produção de biodiesel e refino químico

Abstract

It is crucial to recover the residues generated by agro-industries to reduce environmental impacts. Thus, in the second chapter is shown a general review of the main aspects of residues, mainly greasy residues and its application in biodiesel production. The third chapter presents the characterization of the greasy residue utilized in this study and the monitoring of its oxidative stability during 150 days of storage. It was observed a significant difference for the parameters evaluated after 60 days, except the peroxide value that showed significant difference at the 105 days of storage. The fatty acid composition presented significant difference (P < 0.05) in the 90 days of storage along with the fluorescence intensity which has reduced by 25% in the same period. In the fourth and fifth chapters are presented two manners of using the greasy residue: biodiesel production via methylic and ethylic routes and chemical refining. The production of methyl biodiesel showed better yield (90.77% w/v) with proportion residue:reagent 1:5 and catalyst 0.5% and the ethyl biodiesel showed the highest yield (77.09% w/v) also in the ratio of 1:5 and catalyst 0.5%.During storage for 150 days, methyl biodiesel obtained by batch process remained within the parameters established by the ANP until the 45thday.Theethyl biodiesel presented itself outside these parameters from the 30th day of storage. In the chemical refining of the greasy residue was observed that the identity was preserved, but the quality measured by the peroxide value was not preserved, once that the peroxide value had increased. There was little variation in the concentrations of fatty acids during the chemical refining steps, but without significant difference (P > 0.05).At the end of the study it was possible to establish destinations for the use of this residue, prominent for its content of unsaturated fatty acids.