Abelhas das orquídeas (Hymenoptera: apidae: euglossini) em remanescentes de floresta estacional semidecidual, região sul de Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

Bees are important pollinators and play a key role in maintaining ecological services in the environment. Euglossini (orchid bees) are known for their interaction with species of the Orchidaceae family, whether in pollination or in the collection of aromatic compounds. Another characteristic of the group is the presence of the long gloss, character that gives name to the group. Among the orchid bees, it is estimated that more than 700 species of neotropical orchids distributed in 55 genera are pollinated exclusively by these bees that also act in the pollination of 42 other known botanical families. About 241 species of Euglossini are now known. The structure and composition of the Euglossini are affected by anthropic disturbances, such as the fragmentation and modification of the landscape. The Gallery Forest are composed of different vegetation physiognomies, forming corridors that accompany wetlands or rivers, serve as an area of shelter and fauna displacement. The study was conducted in the transition area of Cerrado-Atlantic Forest in Gallery Forest under anthropogenic pressure in the cities of Ivinhema and Juti in Mato Grosso do Sul. The objective was to characterize the diversity, seasonality, abundance of the group and through the occurrence of species to understand how the distribution of the bees happens in the Cerrado-Atlantic Forest transition region, during 12 months in each municipality, with the use of odoriferous traps. The essences used were Vanillin, Eugenol, Cineol and Salicylate of Methyl. In general, 21 species of orchid bees were registered, representing the most expressive survey for the Euglossini group in the state. The use of these bees as bioindicators is commented on. The essences of Vanilina and Cineol represented the largest quantity of species captured by the traps, 12 each. The gallery forests should be considered vegetative bands of importance to the fauna in the region of the study, mainly in actions that involve the change of the landscape, thus prioritizing the conservation of biodiversity, function as biological corridors between the Brazilian Biomes, observation supported by the registration of the species Eulaema pseudocingulata, Eufriesea duckei, Euglossa imperialis, Eg. leucotricha and Eg. truncata, being also the first record of these species for the Cerrado-Atlantic Forest transition region in Mato Grosso do Sul.