Produção de carvão ativado quimicamente a partir da palmácea mauritia flexuosa e o estudo de suas propriedades adsortivas

Abstract

The advance of the industrial sector shows not only in increased productivity allowing higher profits and investments, as well as the generation of harmful pollutants to the environment that need to be treated appropriately for proper disposal or reuse. For this, there is activated carbon which is a group of carbonaceous materials with high adsorptive capacity, high porosity and high surface area. The purpose of this study is activated carbon preparation using lignocellulosic alternative material obtained from chemical activation by sodium hydroxide at temperatures of 500 ° C and 600 ° C. The characterization of the material was obtained by differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) to get information about thermal stability and ash content. The morphological study was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Starting from the technique of adsorption and desorption of nitrogen at 77K, the BET method (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) was used to determine the specific surface area and the BJH method (Barret, Joyner and Halenda) for the distribution of the diameter pores. For the study of surface groups was employed Boehm classic tritation technique and finally the absorption spectroscopy in the infrared (FT-IR).Through the results of characterization was possible to classify these material like mesoporous, and the most significant porosity was obtained for samples activated carbon at 600 ° C. The studies for determination of surface groups showed a slight predominance of basic groups characteristic of material suitable for adsorption of organic substances cationic character. The maximum adsorption of activated carbon was obtained from adsorption isotherms for methylene blue cationic dyes (AM) and anionic Orange G (OG), where it was possible to prove the higher affinity of the material by the cationic organic dye, blue methylene.