Moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: tephritidae) em fragmentos florestais de cerrado no Brasil central: biodiversidade e padrões populacionais

Abstract

Inventories of the regional biodiversity of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in forest fragments can provide information that supports projects of implantation of fruit growing and horticulture. Such research allows fruit growers and horticulturists to make decisions about the choice of fruit and vegetable species suitable for cultivation regionally, as well as the most appropriate phytosanitary methods, such as the use of biological control programs with the release of natural enemies. This research aimed to investigate the species richness and diversity of frugivorous tephritids in the eastern region of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Tephritidae is one of the most biodiverse and important Diptara families for Neotropical agriculture, with about 5,000 described species worldwide. In the genus Anastrepha Schiner 1868, which currently includes Toxotrypana Gerstaecker 1860, about 300 species of fruit flies have been described. In Brazil, 121 species are reported, infesting more than 275 hosts in 48 plant families In this research, 29 McPhail traps were installed and inspected for 106 consecutive weeks (October 2016 to October 2018) for the sampling of fruit fly species. The traps were baited with the food bait corn hydrolyzed protein in three different environments on the campus of the Instituto Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (IFMS), municipality of Nova Andradina-MS, Brazil. A total of 4095 individuals were captured, 2049 ♂♂ (50.03%) and 2046 ♀♀ (49.96%), being sampled: 16 species of Anastrepha Schiner 1868 and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (1 ♂ and 5 ♀♀). From the genus Anastrepha, the infrageneric groups: leptozona and fraterculus were the most representative and Anastrepha barnesi Aldrich, 1925 the most abundant species in all environments. The species already reported as pest in several fruit crops: A. sororcula, A. fraterculus, A. obliqua, A. zenildae, A. pseudoparallela, A. serpentina and A. striata, corresponded to 41.17% of the species sampled. The comparison of the Anastrepha spp. community by faunistic analysis showed that A. barnesi, A. leptozona, A. sororcula and A. fraterculus are the predominant species. The diversity indexes found for species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and equitability were 3.15, 2.04 and 0.84, respectively.