Cultura escolar: a institucionalização do ensino primário no sul do antigo mato grosso: o grupo escolar Tenente Aviador Antônio João em Caarapó/MS (1950-1974)

Abstract

The Proclamation of the brazilian Republic in 1889 consolidated a new time, marked by the pursuit of progress and modernization in Brazil. Within this context, education is legitimized as a privileged instrument to break with the past behind schedule, form the new republican citizen and ensure the nationality of the country. This project, there were the elementary schools, imbued with a civilizing mission and the task of realizing the ideal Republican. The School Groups constituted as graduate schools and represented an innovative model of organization, primary school education and culture, based on a complex system, modern and rational. In Mato Grosso, this model was implemented in 1910 by Pedro Celestino Reform. Nevertheless, the present research, in turn, proposes to investigate the process of institutionalization of primary education within the former South Mato Grosso from the implementation of the elementary schools and in the light of everyday life, school culture and school stuff. Incidentally, this research focuses specifically on the school culture, practices and representations of school group Tenente Aviador Antônio João municipality in the Caarapó/MS. The time frame includes the creation of the school in 1950 until 1974, the year of conversion from school group to a State School of 1.º Degree Tenente Aviador Antônio João, in consequence of the Education Reform proposed by the LDB N. º 5.692 of 11 August 1971, which formally abolished the school groups in Brazil and dissolved primary school teaching in 1.º Degree. Throughout this study we propose still unravel, the paths taken by the school in Caarapó, through the vicissitudes of its regional context, permeated by an intersection between rural and urban culture on the rise, divisive political conflict and the State, the organization of its population and themselves challenges of a young provincial town in the second half of the twentieth century. Such proposals have emerged from issues that have been imposed since the beginning of research, such as: the extent to which school groups were established within the former South Mato Grosso and might represent the symbol of modernity? How students responded to the demands of its huge territory, carrying out the principle of education? How does the School Group Tenente Aviador Antônio João influenced urban culture and childhood caarapoense? To this end, as instruments, we chose to document analysis and content analysis, based mainly on printed sources, oral sources, photographic supplies and personal files. Moreover, the importance of this research is justified by the impairment in shifting attention in the history of major urban centers and major events for the reconstruction of the history of the interior of a Midwestern state of the country, worrying about their cultural practices and education. It is hoped that through this work, we can contribute in terms of knowledge of the studied object, for writing the history of education of the former South Mato Grosso, or should we say, Mato Grosso do Sul, and the School Tenente Aviador Antônio João, implicating it in the process of changes of society in which it operates.