Crescimento, produtividade e rentabilidade do mangarito “comum” cultivado em solo com incorporação de cama de frango de três bases e amontoas

Abstract

"Comum" tannia (Xanthosoma mafaffa Schott, Araceae) is an unconventional amylaceous plant, almost unknown to the population, that its cultivation must be stimulated to promote its rescue and to avoid its extinction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, productivity and profitability of "Comum" tannia plants, cultivated in soil without chicken manure and with incorporation of chicken manure from three bases and hillings. The "Comum" tannia plants were cultivated in soil without incorporation chiken manure (T1 control) and with the incorporation of 10 t ha-1, cane bagasse base chiken manure (T2), corn bran base (T3) and rice husk base (T4), and with several hillings numbers (zero, one at 30 days after sprouting and two at 30 and 60 days after sprouting). The treatments were arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme, in a randomized complete block design, with five replications. The "Comum" tannia plants, from 30 days after sprouting, were evaluated monthly in relation to plant height, pseudostem diameter, height and chlorophyll index of the highest leaf. The harvest was carried out at 240 days after planting when they were evaluated as mass fresh and dry of the leaves, mother rhizomes, cormels marketable rhizomes, non-marketable cormels rhizomes, after harvest of "Comum" tannia evaluated size and diameter of marketable rhizomes and not marketable rhizomes. The highest height (29.97 cm at 139 days after planting - DAP), maximum pseudostem diameter (18.81 mm at 133 DAP) and chlorophyll index (11.73 at 102 DAP) were obtained in plants grown on soil with incorporation of chicken manure base rice husk and a hilling. The highest yields of fresh (1.31 t ha-1) and dry (0.13 t ha-1) mass were conducted in soil grown plants with the incorporation of rice husks base. As the fresh and dry masses of marketable rhizomes, the highest values (3.61 t ha-1 and 0.74 t ha-1, respectively) were observed in the plants cultivated in soil with incorporation of chiken manure rice husk base and a one hilling. The mother rhizome (CRM) length was 26.13 mm higher in plants grown with a hilling. The diameter of the marketable rhizome (DRC) was not influenced by the factors under study, with a mean of 14.58 mm. Costs varied by R$ 2,909.25 between the production cost (R$ 9,928.50), the equivalent to the cultivation in soil without incorporation of chicken manure and the zero hilling, and the highest price (R$ 12,837.76) for the cultivation with application of chicken manure incorporated to the ground and two hillings, the highest net income R$ 9,299.17 was obtained with the cultivated soil with the incorporation of chicken manure base rice husk and with a hilling, having R$ 2,757.76 of loss when cultivating the plants with incorporation of chicken manure base sugarcane bagasse and two hilling. It was concluded that it was better production cormels marketable rhizomes of the "Comum" tannia and the highest profitability to cultivate in soil with the incorporation of chicken manure based on rice husk and with a one hilling.