Prevalência do papilomavírus humano, diversidade de genótipos e alterações citológicas em mulheres atendidas na rede pública de saúde de Dourados-MS

Abstract

Associated with the infection by the Human Papillomavirus, the invasive Cervical Cancer is the second most common malignant tumoraffecting Brazilian women. The knowledge about the genotypes of the Human papillomavirus (Human papillomavirus - HPV) is fundamental to conduct intervention and to evaluate the impact of the new strategies of prevention against this illness. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV, identify the genotypes and to evaluate cytological change in women attending the public health system of Dourados, MS. Between October,2014 and May,2015, 458 women aged 18 to 65 years, that accept to participate of the study, answered a questionnaire for the obtainment of sociodemographic and clinical information. The biological samples were obtained in the moment of Papanicolaou test – two sample were collected, one for the realization of cell smear in glass lamina, for the cytological test, and another one for viral detection by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, followed by genotyping by the methodology of the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique (RFLP) and confirmed by sequencing by the Sanger method. HPV prevalence was 5,9 % (N=27), the genotyping performed identified 11 types of virus, the most common being the HPV 51, 53, 58 and 83. There is a strong relationship between being HPV positive and not having stable sexual partner. Cytological alteration was found in 4,8 % of the patients, the consumption of alcohol and having the HPV virus was considered risk factors for these alterations. It was not found in this research any HPV virus subtypes of which the vaccines available in the public health system offers protection. The effectiveness of the vaccines against HPV for the reduction of the incidence of Cervical Cancer (CC) depends of many factors, studies about infection and genotypic diversity of HPV in a city or region are important for the establishment of effective preventive strategies against cervical cancer in terms of diagnostic procedures and prophylactic actions.