Distribuição espacial dos atributos químicos do solo e sua relação com a ocorrência de aroeira vermelha (Schinus Terebinthifolius Raddi)

Abstract

Forests are a natural resource that play an important role in improving the chemical, physical and biological attributes of a soil. The study of these attributes is essential when aiming for rational management, sustainable productivity, recovery of endangered species and determination of better conditions for forest ecosystems. The evaluation of the process of soil degradation, although complex, has as main indicators changes in soil structure (highlighting the more superficial layers), loss of organic matter, nutrient reduction, erosive processes and disorders in water balance. The objective of this work was to analyze the spatial distribution of an Oxisol under two fragments of natural vegetation in the county of Aquidauana/MS and to relate them to the occurrence of red aroeira. Fragment number one is a forest surrounded by pasture and with signs of degradation and deforestation and fragment number two is a conserved forest with no consequences of human interference. Soil samples were collected in two different fragments to analyze the attributes: Ca, Mg, K, P, Al, pHCaCl2, MOS, H + Al, SB, CTC, V% and granulometry. Data were evaluated by descriptive statistical analysis and geostatistics. Data interpolation was performed by the ordinary kriging method to estimate values at non-sampled sites. In both fragments there were differences between the contents of the attributes. It was observed that area 1 presented, in general, better soil quality with higher values of Ca and Mg and a moderate and weak spatial dependence degree for the attributes, indicating that these places suffered more pressure from extrinsic factors such as heavy rain and trampling of animals. Despite oh that, the occurrence of aroeira was not affected in this area. In conclusion, area 1 presented more individuals of red aroeira and it has great potential of reforestation as it is not a demanding species and its cultivation in underprivileged areas is possible.