Estudos morfométricos e ambientais da unidade de planejamento e gerenciamento do Amambai - Mato Grosso do Sul - Brasil

Abstract

The Unit Planning and Management(UPM) of Amambai is located in Southern sector of Mato Grosso do Sul state, distributed among the municipalities of Ponta Porã , Laguna Caarapã, Caarapó, Juti, Naviraí, Itaquirai, Iguatemi, Amambai, Aral Moreira and Coronel Sapucaia. Positioned between the parallels 22º03’40 and 23º22’16 south latitude and between the meridians 55º40'53 and 53º47'15 west longitude, It is in an area of approximately , 12.185,05 km2 . This work has for purpose, conduct a survey of morphometric information, and environmental aspects of (UPM) Amambai , presenting spatial information of erosive vulnerability, soil use information, spatialization of relief rugosity concentration index, as well as the manufacture of various products cartographic that represent the physical characteristics of the study area. To carry out this ambitious objective, the following methodological procedures were performed: First procedure consists in gathering information on the physical characteristics of (UPM), the lithology and pedology based on ZEE-MS, now geomorphology, especially relief morfografia was based in atlas multirrefential MS (1990), the weather in the area has been specialized over the average rainfall data of 30 years (1986-2015), with records of monthly average of (UPM), derived from conventional pluviometric stations of ANA , in addition of theoretical considerations presented by Zavattini (2009), about the climate regime of MS: The second step consists in extraction of topographic data(level curves, measured points and Hydrography), who served for interpolating a digital terrain model of 20 meters the pixel, and serves subsidy for morphometric analysis of (UPM), which analyzed the area of hypsometry with equidistance of 40 m, the declivity of the terrain and the preparation of Roughness Concentration Index, the hydrographic system was extracted of MDT and analyzed the fluvial hierarchy, the linear analysis and the area of the drainage system: The third step is the development of the soil use map, Through a supervised classification with sample collection of pixels the scenes 224/76 and 225/76 of satellite Landsat 8 OLI, in addition the elaboration of erosive vulnerability map UPM that consists the integration of the other maps produced: The fourth and final step consists in a field verification and validation of map data erosive vulnerability and presentation of areas with environmental degradation occurring in UPM. The main results achieved of the research are related to morphometric information of UPM and to the data related to erosive vulnerability of the study area. According to the verification of the vulnerability data erosive UPM Amambai introduce a process of greater environmental balance in the areas of Serra Geral ,formation provided with Oxisol soil, now the areas of formation of sedimentary rocks (Formation Caiuá) present sandy soil and prone to environmental degradation. Data of terrain roughness concentration index indicates that the basin has become desiccated, mostly following the trough of rivers; Now, clinografia identifies that the surface of UPM, is relatively flat, with smooth ramps and the hypsometry a maximum altitude of 650 meters and a minimum altitude of 212 meters, at the mouth of the basin. Last but not less important, the hydrographic system is identified as a basin provided with a main river of seventh order, according to the classification of Strahler.As the UPM does not have a basin committee constituted, and a lot it has to be study, this data could potentially contribute to the development of future research in UPM Amambai, and action planning and territory management of this important and strategic region of Mato Grosso do Sul state.