Inserção étnica no mercado de trabalho: a participaão dos trabalhadores indígenas na coleta de lixo no município de Dourados - MS

Abstract

This master thesis is linked to the study line of Citizenship, Diversity and Social Movements, by Graduate Program in Sociology, Federal University of Grande Dourados. It is result of a research which we sought to understand the Kaiowá and Guarani insertion in the urban labor market, specifically, in a company that provides services for residential and commercial Garbage Collection in Dourados - MS. The perceptions achieved from the observations were deepened with statements obtained by interviews conducted between 2017 and 2018 with Kaiowá and Guarani garbage collectors, the garbage truck driver of the Kaiowá ethnic group too, and two employees who occupy hierarchically superior positions in the company where this field research was conducted. All the data were articulated with theoretical reflections in which the master thesis is based, having a sociological analysis as a guideline of the work considering categories like recognition, stigma and invisibility. The research was related to the currently social vulnerability process lived in Dourados Indigenous Reserve (DIR), associated to the assets suffered by this ethnic groups by decades and effected by the colonization fronts. This situation made the survival of these peoples impossible according to the traditional organization. Aligned to these aspects the policies are also absence which it makes possible actions for these people to maintain worthier survival conditions. The demands imposed by the productive restructuring of the world economy bring challenges for workers with lower workforce qualification who aim to ensure employment opportunities in an outsourcing scenario, labor flexibility and high unemployment rates. The subjects of this research, Kaiowá and Guarani workers garbage collection, seek to be protagonists face of the adversities that are imposed by the regional urban labor market. Although there are no public policies in Dourados that aimed an ethnic insertion with professional qualifications, and incentives for indigenous workers in different urban work sectors, we realize that the subjects have been adapting to the spaces where they are well accepted. And aware that work is work and, in general, the main goal is to be able to guarantee a salary that will provide conditions for family reproduction.