Investigação da atividade anti-inflamatória, antidepressiva e análise toxicológica de óleo essencial e da polpa microencapsulada de Campomanesia adamantium

Abstract

Campomanesia adamantium (Myrtaceae) is a medicinal plant distributed in the Brazilian Savannah, whose fruits present bioactive substances from a nutritional and functional point of view, such as ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, terpenoids and others. The present work evaluated the anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperalgesic effects of the seed and peel of essential oil and the microencapsulated pulp of C. adamantium. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger type apparatus.. The microcapsules consisted of the atomization of samples prepared using encapsulating agents (24%), like maltodextrin (8%), gum Arabic (8%) and chitosan (8%), distilled water (16%) and guava pulp (60%). Experimental models of acute inflammation of paw oedema and pleurisy,, nociceptive activity, acute hyperalgesia were tested in mice as well as acute, subacute and reproductive toxicity of microencapsulated pulp in animal models. Oral administration of essential oil of C. adamantium at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg significantly decreased the formation of paw oedema, while in pleurisy at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg significantly decreased the total number of leukocytes in pleural lavage. There was a reduction in the first and second phases of the formalin-induced nociception test. For the microencapsulated pulp of C. adamantium, a significant reduction in the leukocyte migration was observed after 4 hours of carrageenan injection for both doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, in relation to paw oedema, there was an inhibition at all times, and the maximum inhibition achieved was at the dose of 300 mg/kg. The doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg also reduced the licking time in the inflammatory phases of the formalin-induced nociception test. In CFA-induced hyperalgesia, there was a significant increase in the paw withdrawal threshold after the 10th day of treatment compared to the control group. Acute toxicity was assessed by oral administration of single doses at 175, 560, 1792 and 2000 mg/kg of microencapsulated pulp in male rats. General behavior and clinical signs of toxicity were observed for 14 days. In the subacute toxicity tests, females received 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/day (oral) of the microencapsulated pulp for 28 days. Thus, in the present study, it was demonstrated that the essential oil extracted from the seed and peel and the microencapsulated pulp of C. adamantium are anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic agents. The microencapsulated pulp can be considered safe without causing toxicity. The microencapsulation by atomization proved to be an efficient technique for the preservation of the bioactive components of guavira pulp.