Produção da carobinha (Jacaranda decurrens Cham. ssp. symmetrifoliolata Farias & Proença) sob cinco populações de plantas, sem e com cama-de-frango em cobertura do solo

Abstract

Carobinha (Jacaranda decurrens Cham. ssp. symmetrifoliolata Farias & Proença) is a medicinal plant and occurs in Cerrado of Mato Grosso do Sul. It has been used popularly as blood depurative and cicatrizing of uterus and ovary wounds, causing predatory exploitation. Because it is a recently identified species, the studies on ex situ adaptation are still scarce. The aim of this work was to evaluate the growth, development and production of carobinha cultivated ex situ under effect of five spacing among plants within the rows and in the presence or absence of semi-decomposed chicken manure. The experiment was carried out in the Medicinal Plant Garden, of Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados –UFGD, in Dourados-MS, at April of 2006 to October of 2007. It was studied the carobinha, under five spacing among plants (0.30; 0.35; 0.40; 0.45 e 0.50 m), in soil in the presence or absence of semi-decomposed chicken manure, in the concentration of 10 t ha-1. The treatments were arranged as 5 x 2 factorial, in randomized block design, with four replications. The plantlets were obtained of seeds of native plants of Cerrado. During the crop cycle, the height of plants was evaluated every 30 days, since 150 to 480 days after transplant (DAT). The harvest of the whole plants was carried out at 480 DAT, when were evaluated the fresh and dry weight of shoot and roots, foliar area, and length and diameter of largest root. The maximum height (1.58 cm) was achieved at 471 DAT under 0.50 m among plants and with use of chicken manure. The data of productivity were significantly influenced by the spacing, but not by the addition of chicken manure. The productivities of dry weight of leaves by plant and by hectare were not influenced by the spacing, with average of 4.51 g plant-1 and 131.97 t ha-1, respectively. The maximum foliar area was obtained in the spacing of 0.50 m. The higher productions of dry weight of stems by hectare occurred in the spacing of 0.30 m and by plant were in 0.35 m. The higher diameters of roots, of xylopodium and of stems were under spacing of 0.30 m. The higher productions of root dry weight (4.564 t ha-1) and of xylopodium (2.102 t ha-1) were obtained in the spacing of 0.30 m, while the maximum dry weight of roots by plant occurred in the spacing of 0.50 m. By the results obtained, the carobinha should be cultivated in the spacing of 0.30 m to higher productions, independent of use of chicken manure.