O Curso de treinamento de professores leigos: profissionalização e representações da docência em Mato Grosso (1963-1971)

Abstract

This doctoral research in education aims to analyze the process of professionalization of teaching in Mato Grosso, based on the analysis of the Training Course of Lay Teachers and the testimonies of educators who performed the said improvement. The timeframe of the thesis is the period from 1963 to 1971. The choice of the year 1963 was due to the elaboration of the Triennial Education Plan, which had influence on Mato Grosso education, with the creation of the Cuiabá Magisterium Training Center (CTM-Cuiabá) and, consequently, in the constitution of the Lay Teacher Training Course. Already the year 1971 was selected because the recovery and improvement of teaching, resulting from educational planning, have extended until that time in the state. From that date, teacher training was only under the responsibility of the state government. In addition, the National Education Guidelines and Bases Law was reformulated in 1971, a fact that provided a new organization of public education in Brazil. The central question established for this investigation was: did the constitution of the Lay Teacher Training Course mean the strengthening of the professionalization of teaching in Mato Grosso in the 1960s? For the development of the thesis, we defined as the theoretical-methodological framework the New Cultural History, by listing the notion of representations, elaborated by Roger Chartier (1990; 1991; 2002) and the approach about teacher professionalization, developed by Antônio Nóvoa (1995). For the research were consulted the productions in history of education related to the theme, as well as documents (reports, government messages, educational regulations, school materials, such as the books used in that course and the newspapers of the time), located in the Historical Archives. National Institute for Educational Studies and Research (INEP), in the city of Brasilia (DF) and the Public Archive of Mato Grosso, in the city of Cuiabá (MT), and in bookstores specialized in used books, plus the testimonies of lay teachers who They worked in the teaching profession in the 60's. The analyzes indicate that the state representation understood the lay teachers as incapable for primary teaching, but that from the completion of the Training Course they would acquire the condition of professionally qualified teachers. The representations established by the teachers about the professionalization made in Mato Grosso, in the 1960s, after the Lay Teacher Training Course and the analysis of the sources reveal the emergence of a higher demand regarding the level of training for admission and permanence. In the exercise of the activity, as well as the increase in the number of teachers qualified to work in the teaching profession, however, failed to advance in some aspects related to the teaching profession. This was because the pedagogical training offered at CTMCuiabá was not sufficient to perfect a significant set of lay teachers, nor was the acquisition of teaching knowledge and techniques linked to the recognition of a more decent remuneration for teachers. It is hoped, thus, to have contributed to broaden the investigations on the history of the formation and the profession in Brazil, and more specifically in Mato Grosso, mainly, as regards the researches on the history of the formation and the teaching work in the rural environment, an area that still lacks studies in Brazilian educational historiography.