Fungos associados às sementes de faveiro (Dimorphandra mollis Benth.) submetidas a tratamentos pré-germinativos e antifúngicos

Abstract

Dimorphandra mollis Benth. (faveiro) have a big pharmaceutical importance, in the production of active beginnings, constituted f or phenolics compounds, tannin and rutin. Faveiro’s seeds are bearers of microorganisms that can interfere in the germination and cause the seedlings death. The objective of the present research were: to identify the principal mushrooms associate to the faveiro’s seeds verifying y our possible interference in the germination and the emergency of seedlings and evaluate the efficiency of different controls against it fungi on the microorganisms and in germinat ion and emergency of seedlings. The research was led in two experiment s: the evaluation of germinat ion and mushroom associated to the seeds of D. mollis; and the incidence of mushrooms in seeds of D. mollis. In t he first experiment the seeds were collected of two lots of fruits (tree and soil) in the farm Areeira, municipal district of Dourados/MS in August of 2006 and August of 2007 and submitted the treatments pre germinat ive with sulfuric acid and acetone. Was utilized the DIC with four repetitions of 20 seeds. The seeds were incubated in gerbox for 15 days in temperature 25° ± 2°C. The collected data were submitted to analyze of variance for the test F, and the medias were transformed for the arcsin √x/100 and compared f or the test of Duncan in 5% of probabilit y . The genders observed in larger incidence were: Aspergillus sp. Penicillium sp. and Fusarium sp. The seeds of fruits collected in the soil showed larger incidence of mushrooms, b y the way , were that showed larger percentage of germination. In the second experiment, were used 800 seeds of fruits collected in the trees of Areeira farm in the year of 2007.The seeds were treated chemically wit h H2SO4 during 30 min. The treatments against it fungi were Derosal Plus® (carbendazin + thiran), Ecotrich® (Trichoderma sp.), stratum of garlic and stratum of nim. The seeds were separate for conduction of two rehearsals. In the first, 500 seeds were used for germination test and evaluation of the incidence of mushrooms. It was made a DIC with five repetitions of 20 seeds. The found data were submitted to the variance analysis by the test F, and the averages were transformed for arcsin √x/100 and compared by the test of Duncan to 5% of probabilit y . The germination was low and not significant in all the treatments. The chemical treatment with Derosal Plus® was demonstrated more efficient in the control of the mushrooms, for what was already waited when using a chemical fungicide. The treatments with Trichoderma and with the extracts of garlic and nim they didn't present significant difference in the appraised doses. In the second rehearsal, 300 seeds were used for test of the emergency of the seedlings. The experiment was carried out in it of blocks complete randomized design, with five treatments and four repetitions of 15 seeds. Significant differences were not observed in the emergency percentage and in the index of speed of emergency of the seeds of treated Faveiro with the different controls against it fungi.