Desafios e conflitos na produção do espaço no município de Bonito/MS: agricultura, turismo e apropriação da natureza

Abstract

This work aimed to analyze the change in land use in the county of Bonito/MS inserted in the Bodoquena Plateau, and what are the implications for tourism and Conservation Units - UCs. In order to comply with this proposal, we defined as the period of analysis the period of 1980 that was when the crops appeared in the county until the year 2016. Addressing this theme is complex, for exposing three latent themes in the region: tourism, environmental conservation and agriculture. The first, considering that the area in question is the postcard of nature tourism in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, already with regard to environmental conservation, there are five Conservation Units implanted in the county, being the National Park of Serra Of Bodoquena, which is the only Federal Integral Protection Center completely within the state and that has already generated many conflicts from the creation discussions to the moment and two more Natural Reserves of the Natural Patrimony - RPPN and two Natural Monuments, in the process of discussion Project to create three more CUs, being two Wildlife Refuges - RVS and a Natural Park, finally the issue of agriculture that had a period of ascent in the early 1990s and did not prosper, returns to the scene recently, worrying Environmentalists and segments linked to tourism. At the first moment of expansion, beginning of the 1990s, conflicts arose between farmers and environmentalists because of the way land management was carried out, which degrades the rivers that were still explored by tourism in an incipient way. After that, agriculture goes into crisis and tourism emerges in the second half of the 1990s, which, in turn, continues to expand until today, consolidating as one of the main destinations for expansion of crops in the state. The movement of expansion of crops and the judicialization of the rite of creation of CUs are part of the same process of territorial territorialization of the countryside absorbed by the colonels of the county, who defend their interests in an incisive way, since the sector dominates the politics, the judiciary and the media. This is a resource used to build the necessary truths to allow them to continue to dominate their territories. Understanding the processes of modification and displacement of economic activities in space is a fundamental factor to understand the dynamics of the construction of new fronts of expansion or retraction of capital in certain places, such as Bodoquena Plateau.