Práticas parentais de mães e pais de bebê: associações com o processo de vinculação

Abstract

This dissertation is linked to the investigations carried out in the Research Group on Health and Development Processes of the Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados (UFGD) in partnership with the Universidade Estadual Paulista. It is inserted in the context of family relationships in which the quality of parental care and the bond between parents and children have been identified as fundamental for child development. We sought to investigate the possible relationships between maternal and paternal parenting practices and the respective bonding processes with their babies, with the self-application instrument Inventory of Parenting Styles for Parents of Babies (IEPPMB) and the filming in a structured condition, according to the criterias of the Face-to-Face Still Face - FFSF Paradigm. Two studies were structured. In Study 1, we sought to describe the educational practices of thirty mothers and the processes of bonding with their children in the third month of life. The scores obtained for the IEPPMB categories and the indices obtained for the FFSF categories were described, compared and correlated. The results indicated that both babies and mothers presented, at the beginning of the interaction, a higher frequency of Positive Social Orientation (OSP) behaviors and less occurrence for Negative Social Orientation (OSN). Upon resuming the interaction, the babies did not recover, the mothers significantly reduced the means for OSP and were unable to calm them. The correlations between parenting practices and attachment categories showed that the presence of negative practices decreased the behavior of PSOs when resuming the interaction, indicating that mothers with this type of practice may need guidance on the importance of routine and consistency of the provision of care and attention to the baby, which requires interventions with this population. In Study 2, we sought to describe and compare the categories of maternal and paternal attachment and parental practices assessed in the third and sixth months of the baby's life, as well as the possible correlations between them. Fron the 30 invited couples, eleven accepted to participate in this Study. The comparison of the quality of bonding between babies and their fathers and mothers showed no significant differences, indicating that the bonding of babies is good with both and with a high frequency of positive interactive behaviors. Among negative practices, negligence was significantly higher among the fathers in the third month. In the sixth month, although there is no significant difference between the groups, the mothers make their practices worse presenting negligence practices similar to the fathers, and both maintained the practice of Relaxed Discipline. In this study, babies showed better recovery in the third episode, resuming the issuance of OSP. Mothers had more OSP and less OSN behaviors. The results suggest that both fathers and mothers need more guidance for interacting with babies. The correlations indicated a predictability for parents who did not have OSN in the third month, indicating a perfect correlation with physical abuse (r = 1.0), that is, the absence of physical abuse in the third month indicates the absence of OSN in the sixth month, revealing it a protective factor for parent-child interaction. Data from the study can contribute and guide interventions with families on care practices and the promotion of bonding.