Características socioambientais da Unidade de Planejamento e Gerenciamento Iguatemi, Mato Grosso do Sul/Brasil, mediante o uso de geotecnologias

Abstract

The center-south of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul presents several peculiarities linked to the extensive monocultures of soy and sugar cane and, sometimes, the environmental aspects are relegated to the background with a view to promoting the advance of agriculture. The Iguatemi Planning and Management Unit (UPG), the territorial unit of study for this research, does not differ from the aforementioned characteristics. Therefore, this research aimed to assess the environmental fragility of UPG Iguatemi in view of its physical aspects, such as geology, precipitation, slope, soils and land use and coverage, in addition to an interpretation of the aspects related to the area's socioeconomic framework. This analysis was performed with the help of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) such as ArcGis 10, handling primary and secondary data regarding socioenvironmental aspects, using, as a complement to the analysis, the use of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) - Drone. As a result, a predominantly flat to smooth wavy relief with slopes ranging from 0.00% to 12.00% was pointed out, in addition to soils that favor agricultural use, such as argisol and oxisol. These characteristics led to the advancement of agriculture and livestock, which has already installed itself in about 69% of the total UPG (51% for pasture and 18% for crops). A fact that does not differ from other regions of the State, however, what is more worrying is that this has caused the deforestation process to leave only 16% of native forest vegetation in the region. Despite the growing number of studies, mainly linked to the Federal University of Grande Dourados, this region still needs greater care, being one of the regions most impacted in its environmental context in the State of Mato Groso do Sul. Ravines, gullies and laminar erosions have already transformed the landscape and have been continuously causing the silting up of water resources, with the elevation of the transported sediments and a continuous increase in the generation of sandbanks along the water sources. In fact, this research seeks precisely to understand the socio- environmental context of this region and to provide mitigation measures to minimize the negative impacts caused by anthropic use.