Desenvolvimento de película biocompatível para cicatrização de feridas

Abstract

The healing process is complex and has aroused the interest of researchers in the development of curative materials. Extending the healing time of a wound directly implies the cost of treatment involving both the financial value of the treatment and the inability of the patient to perform their daily tasks. Therefore, it is sought alternatives for the treatment of wounds that may be of low cost and that present high effectiveness. The aim of this study was the development of biomaterial based on chitosan and polyvinylalcohol containing selenium nanoparticles, bocaiúva oil and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent for the treatment of wounds because they present all these characteristics previously mentioned. The oil used was extracted from the pulp of the fruits of the bocaiúva harvested from January to March of the harvest of 2015. The pulp and oil characterization was carried out by physicochemical and infrared analyzes, these analyzes demonstrated that the oil obtained is within the parameters recommended by the current legislation and consistent with data from the literature. Four types of films were prepared, one containing the polymers chitosan and polyvinylalcohol, one containing the polymers and bocaiva oil, one containing the polymers and nanoparticles of selenium and one containing the polymers, bocaiva oil and selenium nanoparticle. The films were characterized by infrared, ultraviolet-visible and scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that the polymer matrix was synthesized by crosslinking between chitosan and glutaraldehyde, showing crosslinks indicating the permeability of the film. In order to evaluate healing, two surgical excisions were performed on the skin of Swiss mice using a histological punch, reaching all layers of the skin. The experimental groups consisted of animals with untreated wounds and animals with wounds treated with the films. The animals were treated at two, seven and fourteen days. After the treatment the animals were euthanized and tissue biopsy was performed for testing later. The results indicated a decrease in wound contraction in the groups treated with oil-containing film and in the selenium-containing film when compared to the group that received control film, in the same period there was decrease of inflammatory infiltrate for the film with selenium nanoparticle. The quantitative evaluation of collagen showed a higher amount of collagen in the film with bocaiúva oil and Selenium nanoparticle (POB + Se). In relation to type I collagen, the highest amount observed was the film containing selenium nanoparticle (PSe) and collagen type III on film with oil and Se nanoparticle (POB + Se). The antioxidant property of selenium may be related to the production of collagen that depends on cofactors (ferrous iron, molecular oxygen, α- ketoglutaraldehyde and vitamin C) required for the enzymatic hydroxylation of collagen. We conclude that the developed film containing selenium and bocaiúva oil will accelerate the cell repair process with collagen fiber quality.