Patologias prevalentes na gestação de alto risco: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnancy is a physiological and natural process, therefore, for most women, its evolution is uneventful. However, there is a portion that fits in high-risk pregnancy, for being a carrier or for developing some disease or complication during pregnancy, which instills risk for the mother and the fetus. These complications can sometimes cause functional imbalance in the pregnant woman, favoring the emergence of some pathologies. Objective: To analyze the evidence available in the literature that addresses prevalent pathologies in high-risk pregnancies. Method: This is an integrative literature review. I’ve worked with data from the Virtual Health Library Portal – VHL, with three descriptors from the structured and multilingual DeCS vocabulary – Descriptors in Health Sciences: women's health, high-risk pregnancy and health profile. Available articles in Portuguese published in the last ten years (2011-2021) were used. Incomplete texts, theses, dissertations and eventual duplications of these studies were not considered. Results: The pathologies that most affect pregnant women highlighted in this integrative review are: gestational arterial hypertension, gestational diabetes, urinary infection, obesity, anemia, toxoplasmosis and premature labor in the case of hospitalized pregnant women. New studies involving the subject are essential for the understanding and intervention of obstetric phenomena in high-risk pregnancy. It is suggested that studies with population samples to be carried out, given the limitation of this work, as well as the development of research that gives more consistency to managerial decisions that involve the nursing professional, the health service and the health of women and children.