Espécies de Euglossina (Hymenoptera: Apidar ) em matas ciliares na região sul de Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

The bees of the Euglossini tribe have species that are considered important bioindicators of environmental quality. Males of bees from this Euglossini tribe are easily attracted by odorous baits that mimic the natural substances collected by them. Males are visitors of various plant species, especially orchids, of which they are the main pollinators. In this study, I address the following questions: a) In relation to baits-odors, can Euglossini show differential attraction? b) How is the richness and abundance of Euglossini species in the phytophysiognomies of Ciliary Forest and how do they vary during the annual cycle? Thus, the objectives are: i) To characterize the fauna of Euglossini bees in phytophysiognomies of Ciliary Forest; ii) Assess the richness and abundance in the phytophysiognomies considered, analyzing the similarity in the composition of species between them; iii) To characterize the diversity of bees from the Euglossini tribe in relation to odorous baits. The evaluations were carried out in the region of Grande Dourados / MS, the bees were collected during 12 months, attracted with attractive aromatic baits (eugenol, cineol, cinnamate, vanillin and methyl salicylate) in "pet" bottle traps. With a total of 667 males collected, which resulted in 11 species of Euglossini. Eulaema nigrita was the second most abundant species and may indicate an environmental quality (degraded environment), having been collected in all months of evaluation and with greater abundance in the bait-odors of vanillin. In general, vanillin was the most efficient bait in all collections, except for Exaerete smaragdina, which was more attractive to eugenol. Eucalyptol, also known as cineol, was the only bait that was not effective for any species. In general, the least effective sampling was for the genus Euglossa, with few specimens captured, suggesting a degradation index for the areas considered, since these individuals are more sensitive to degraded environments, however only one specimen of Euglossa imperialis was captured, helping to determine the geographic distribution of the species in the state. The results presented also suggest that the vanillin odor-bait would be the most appropriate for Euglossini male collections in the evaluated areas, due to the efficient attractiveness presented to a great diversity of species of this bee tribe.