Biomonitoramento da qualidade do ar na microrregião da Bodoquena, Mato Grosso do Sul: mutagênese e alterações morfonatomicas em Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt var. purpurea

Abstract

The objective of this work was to estimate air quality based on the vehicular flow of cities located at different altitudes in the Bodoquena microregion, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. To this end, the micronucleus test was performed by means of the TRAD-MCN bioassay on young Buds of Tradescantia collected in the period between November 2018 in seven cities in the Bodoquena microregion, with different vehicle flow intensities. Meteorological parameters were evaluated and vehicles were counted to determine vehicle traffic in each city. The from the bioassay performed, relating environmental variables and altitude and using the Shuttle Radar topographic mission (SRTM) and processed in the Esri ArcGIS® software version 10.5.1 was able to map the area based on the Elevation Model. The analyses morphoanatomical were performed according to standard methodology. The measurements of thickness, length, width and fabrics and structures such as the upper cuticle, lower cuticle, upper face and lower face of the epidermis, hypodermis and mesophilic were Evaluated. The largest vehicular flow was found in the cities of Bodoquena, Guia Lopes Laguna, Jardim and Porto Murtinho. The time from 17:00 to 18:00 was the one that presented higher flow of vehicles. However, the highest frequency of mutagenic changes was found in the city of Guia Lopes, not differing from Bonito, Caracol and Jardim. Along biomonitoring was observed that the summer and autumn seasons were the ones that presented higher frequencies of micronucleus independent of the city evaluated. A correlation was observed between the frequency of micronuclei and the vehicular flow was low supporting the thesis that this micro-region although mutagenic changes are observed in T. pallida changes numerically are small when compared to other regions state of Mato Grosso do Sul. There was a variation in the thickness of the tissues/structures that varies between the different cities and seasons. In a way that tissues/structure were reduced for the cities of Nioaque and Porto Murtinho as to the anatomical and morphological aspects being that for the length and leaf thickness was not observed differences between the cities. In relation to the seasons of the year, it was observed that in autumn the thickness of the tissues/structures are smaller.