Diversidade de abelhas em ambiente urbano e ambiente rural em área de transição entre os biomas de mata atlântica e cerrado no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil

Abstract

Bees provide an important ecosystem service and have been suffering from colony decline and species extinction. Several factors threaten bees, but we can highlight the intense transformation of habitats and land use, due to the increase in these activities in recent years, following the human population growth that demands more resources and places for housing. Our objective was to investigate the diversity of bees in two types of environments (rural and urban) modified by human action, both in a transition area between two important Brazilian biomes. Bees were sampled using active collection with an entomological net for 12 months. The urban environment presented a richness of 61 species and an abundance of 2.628 bees, collected from 85 plant morphotypes, while in the rural environment a richness of 39 species and an abundance of 561 bees, collected from 22 plant morphotypes was observed. The distribution of bees varied over the months in the years evaluated. Floristic diversity played an essential role in our results in both environments. The only exotic species found in our study was Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 this species was also the most abundant in both environments, its generalist habits may have favored its prevalence in modified landscapes as the evaluated regions. We also found the species Mourella caerule Friese, 1900, which there was no record of occurrence for the State. Due to the complexity of interactions that occur in environments and the responses of bees to these changes, we propose the need for further research to better understand the relationships between plants and pollinators.