Análise de viabilidade econômica do potencial de geração de biogás a partir de resíduos alimentares do restaurante universitário da UFGD

Abstract

Approximately 2 billion tons of urban solid waste are disposed annually worldwide, 81.81 million tons only in Brazil, 46.5% of which are organic waste. Anaerobic digestion of organic waste is the process without the presence of oxygen that enables the production of biogas, whose composition is mainly by methane, carbon dioxide and other gases in lower percentages. Biogas can be used in conversion to thermal energy, electric energy or biofuel. In this context, the research analyses the economic viability of the potential for biogas generation from food residues of the university restaurant of the Federal University of Grande Dourados using scenario 1 that uses biogas generated for the replacement of LPG, and scenario 2 that uses the biogas generated for the generation of electrical energy. For the economic analysis was used parameters for feasibility analysis of projects such as: Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return and Payback. In scenario 1, an equivalent LPG biogas production capacity of 374.55 kg/month was obtained, with an initial investment of R$258,720.00 for the acquisition of 16 units of the HomeBiogas 7.0 biodigester. Regarding the economic feasibility analysis, Payback occurred in 8 years without including the profit generated by the biofertilizer, resulting in a financially profitable scenario. As for scenario 2, a power generation capacity of 1,258.40 kWh/month was observed, with an initial investment of R$161,994.52 for the construction of an Indian model biodigester and the acquisition of an Enermac ENGGB 30kVA motor generator set. Regarding the economic viability analysis, Payback was lower than that observed in scenario 1, and the investment returned in 6 years, showing a financially profitable scenario. The implementation of one of the two scenarios would be responsible for reducing carbon dioxide emissions by approximately 59 tons/year. Finally, it is concluded that anaerobic digestion of organic residues has a potential for application in various contexts, including for domestic use, where Brazil has the capacity to become a world reference in the treatment of urban solid waste and possibly develop technologies that reduce costs for the application of this project.