Fatores determinantes para a mecanização da apanha de frangos de corte no Brasil

Abstract

Machines for harvesting broilers have been studied and developed for at least 50 years, with a view to improving production efficiency, reducing losses and increasing animal welfare (BEA). In Brazil, the harvesting process is carried out completely manually and the results of this practice can be observed in the declassification rates in the industry. The objective of this research was to analyze the main factors that condition the adoption of mechanized harvesting of broilers in Brazil. The topic was discussed based on a systematic review of the literature on the scenario of broiler harvesting and its relationship with animal welfare, working conditions and economic impact caused by the declassification of birds; to this end, an economic feasibility study was carried out for the implementation of mechanized harvesting in Brazil. Finally, an investigation was conducted with Brazilian consumers to assess how they perceive the welfare of farm animals (BEAP), using two different harvesting methods (manual and mechanized). In this case, data collection was carried out through a semi-structured online form with Brazilian consumers. Data were analyzed and interpreted with the aid of statistical software. The results of this work showed that despite the fact that the harvesting stage has been studied and its results have been published in international journals for many years, there are few specific studies regarding the mechanization of this process. This research presented economic and financial viability for the implementation of a mechanized catching system based on the economic reality of Brazil between 2015 and 2019. The results revealed a preference for mechanized catching, perceived as better for comfort and less injury to birds, although assimilated as the technique that causes the most fear and the most pain. Concern about BEA varied according to the place of residence (urban and rural), but did not vary according to diet. Brazilian respondents tend not to consider BEA when shopping at the supermarket, but they are willing to pay more for BEA. The discussions arising from this study can contribute to the evolution of Brazilian poultry in investment decisions and support the adoption of innovative practices in the poultry chain, allied to decisions that value the BEA and are based on public opinion