Regulação de uma ferrovia verde no Estado de Mato Grosso: um modelo baseado na Agenda 2030

Abstract

Discovered as an agricultural frontier from the 1960s/70s of the 20th century, Mato Grosso is the third largest Brazilian state in terms of territorial extension, with 903,357 square kilometers, surpassing the area of some countries in the European Union. It established its agricultural tradition due to the quality of the land and its location in the central region of Brazil. It is the national leader in soybean and corn production and has the largest cattle herd in the country, with 34.4 million animals. Thanks to tax incentives granted to the export sector, the majority of crops and animal protein are destined for the foreign market. Transporting this production to the ports uses road transport, affecting the producer's profitability. If the production flow occurred via rail, better transport logistics would be possible, considering that a railway wagon has twice the load capacity of a twin-train truck, which has 9 axles and measures 30 meters in length. In fact, the State of Mato Grosso has 33,816.47 kilometers of highways, the maintenance of which is paid for by the public budget. To expand production flow options, the state railway system was established, a pioneering initiative, as this public policy has always been coordinated by the federal government. The railway is one of the most efficient forms of large-scale transportation of goods, being widely used to transport agricultural products around the world. The rules regulating the operation of a railway must be drawn up by the public authorities, notably when the service is carried out by a private individual, through a concession or state authorization, as provided for in the railway legal framework. This research investigated precedents in public transport policy development processes, seeking a standard railway regulatory. The multi-criteria analysis method (AHP) is a possible decision-making model. The interests of the population and cities along the Railway Route must be respected, observing bioeconomy trends. The development of public policies presupposes a path with 5 cycles. The trails will be installed in regions of the Amazon Forest and Pantanal biomes, and the mode must comply with environmental standards, eco-efficiency and the UN's sustainable development objectives (SDG 2030). There is asymmetry in the degree of economic development of the municipalities on the Railway Route. In the regulatory impact analysis (AIR), it is assumed that unnecessary obligations are not imposed. The research used legaltheoretical methods and deductive reasoning, with techniques in bibliographical research, normative sources, government databases, and the UN SDGs 2030. It is concluded that there is a need for a high standard of railway regulation that seeks ecoefficiency, sustainable development and smart cities, through the proposal of a project for the regulation of railways in the territory of Mato Grosso, in a “green railway” context. As a result, the railway should be attractive to agribusiness and governments, generating positive externalities for communities. It was evident that this pattern applies to the state of Mato Grosso, replicable in similar conditions, contributing to the success in the implementation of the railway, diversifying the complex transport logistics chain.