Características de plantas de Serjania marginata Casar. propagadas em diferentes tipos de substratos e cultivadas em solo com diferentes adubações orgânicas e fósforo

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate different types of substrates and their effects on emergence and production of seedlings and of organic manure and phosphorus on growth of Serjania marginata Casar. (cipó timbó). In the first experimente, the treatments consisted of eight substrates: 100% commercial substrate Bioplant® Bioplant® 50% + 50% soil; 50% Bioplant® + 50% sand; 50% Bioplant® + 50% poultry litter; 50% Bioplant® + 25% soil + 25% sand; 50% Bioplant® + 25% poultry litter + 25% soil; Bioplant® 50% + 25% poultry litter + 25% sand and 100% soil. The treatments were arranged in randomized block design with five replications. The highest seedling heights were observed when using soil as substrate. The stem diameter, number of leaves, root length, leaf and root areas as well as root, stem and leaf dry and fresh mass were higher when using soil as substrate. The use of soil substrate promoted greater development of cipó timbó seedlings. The second experiment was carried out in pots, and the substrates composed by: soil, soil + castor presscake, soil + poultry litter semi decomposed and soil + Organosuper®, all with (0.16 g kg-1) or without addition of phosphorus, in the form of triple superphosphate. The experimental arrangement was as a 4 x 2 factorial randomized block design, with four replications. It was held at harvest of the entire plants, to 155 DAT. We evaluated the fresh and dry mass of leaves, stems and roots; the length of main branch, number of branches and leaf area and root. The longer length of main branch was in plants grown in substrate composed of soil + Organosuper® with phosphorus. The greater number of leaves was observed on the substrates soil + Organosuper® and soil + poultry litter, with and without phosphorus, respectively. The largest number of branches was in plants grown on the substrate soil + poultry litter. The SPAD index was higher when the plants were grown on the substrate soil + poultry litter without phosphorus and soil + castor presscake with phosphorus. The leaf and root area were higher in plants grown in soil composition of organic waste and soil + Organosuper® with phosphorus, respectively. The fresh mass and dry mass of roots were higher when plants were grown in a substrate composed of soil + Organosuper® with phosphorus. The fresh and dry mass of stems and fresh mass of roots were higher when using the substrates soil + Organosuper® and soil + poultry litter, respectively, while the dry mass of leaves was higher in the soil in composition with all organic waste. Plants of the cipó-timbó grown in pots on the substrate composed of soil + Organosuper® with phosphorus presented higher growth. The substrate soil in composition with the organic waste used provided larger productivity of biomass of leaves, stems and roots.