Políticas de descarbonização e inserção internacional: o Brasil entre o compromisso climático e o mercado de carbono

Abstract

This research analyzes climate change mitigation policies and the carbon credit market in Brazil from the perspective of environmental diplomacy. It adopts a qualitative approach, based on bibliographic and documentary research, drawing on scientific publications, reports from multilateral organizations, legal documents, and academic studies, covering the period from 2010 to 2026. The investigation is guided by the following question: how do Brazilian decarbonization policies, influenced by the international context, affect the country’s international positioning? The results show that Brazil has consolidated a relevant regulatory framework, exemplified by the National Policy on Climate Change, the ABC Plan, and RenovaBio, in line with multilateral commitments such as the Paris Agreement. However, implementation has progressed unevenly: agribusiness and the energy matrix are advancing more rapidly than sectors such as heavy industry and urban transportation, which compromises the coherence of the transition toward a low carbon economy. In the carbon credit market, Brazil demonstrates competitive potential based on its experience with the Clean Development Mechanism, but the still incipient implementation of a consolidated regulated market limits its international acceptance. In this context, recent national measures reverberate throughout the international system, positioning Brazil as a relevant actor in environmental diplomacy while also revealing weaknesses that constrain its external credibility.