Levantamento dos atributos de um Inceptisol influenciados por diferentes sistemas de cultivo de arroz no norte da Itália

Abstract

Considering FAO data that indicate that more than 90% of rice production in the world was to human feeding, become more and more important studies to search improve the rice yields index in sustainable form. Apart from this aspect, rice crops exploration required constant management of submersion water and special care relating to criterion for contamination minimize in groundwater and sub surface water and be possible the rational use of this important resource. In this context, the general aim of this work was to characterize and to evaluate, in time, different soil management systems and the relationship with soil physics, hydrologic and micromorphmetrics attributes on the rice crops experimental field in north of Italy. The experiment was begin in 2002 year and was carried up in Galileu Ferraris Institute facilities´, Vercelli municipalities, in North of Italy. The paddy-rice was designed to be the one agricultural show for farmer from that region and because this, have large dimension (100m of length and 25m of width), been hydraulically divided by compact physics border. The soil was classified as Inceptsols and was used three crops systems: (CON) Conventional system with sowing in flooded place; (SEQ) System with sowing of upland rice; (ROT) Crop rotation system with corn and rice crops in triennial cycle. Was monitored and characterized the following soil physics attributes: texture, density of soil, density of particles, water soil retention curve, soil penetration resistance, total water soil content, total porosity and soil aggregate morphometric, in 0 at 12; 12 at 24 and 24 at 35cm deep. These determinations were made before, during, and in latter of crop development. The results showed that water presence added agricultural implements action, have essential role in soil disaggregated and compacted layer, mainly in 12 at 24 cm deep, contributing to decrease of soil structural quality.