Avaliação anatômica, agronômica e química da Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg sob cinco espaçamentos entre plantas, sem e com cama-de-frango incorporada ao solo

Abstract

Campomanesia species, Myrtaceae, popularly named of guavira are originated from Brazil, with great abundance in the Cerrado region. The fruits with unique flavor have great economic potential, as in natura foods or in the preparation of sweets, ice cream and homemade liqueurs, being appreciated by the population and are therefore heavily harvested without the worry of maintenance of plants. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of five spacing between plants and the use or no of semi-decomposed chicken manure incorporated into the soil in the biomass production, phenols and flavonoids content, antioxidant activity and in the leaf anatomy of Campomanesia adamantium. The experiment was carried out in the Medicinal Plant Garden, of Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados - UFGD, in Dourados-MS, of December, 2006 to February, 2009. Guavira was studied under five spacing between plants in row (0.30; 0.35; 0.40; 0.45 and 0.50 m) and in soil with and without semi-decomposed chicken manure incorporated, at a dose of 10 t ha-1. Treatments were arranged as a 5 x 2 factorial, in a randomized block design, with four replications. At 390 days after transplantation was determined the plant height (51.38 cm), stem diameter (8.91 mm) and the average number of leaves plant-1 (150). The longitudinal and transverse diameters of the fruits did not vary with spacing or using the chicken manure and were, on average 17.34 mm fruit-1 and 18.07 mm fruit-1, respectively. The highest number (28.56 fruits plant-1) and greater fresh weight (83.65 g plant-1) of fruit was obtained in the spacing of 0.32 and 0.35 m between plants, respectively, independent of the use of chicken manure. The chicken manure induced a significant increase in phenol content and reduced the flavonoids content and the antioxidant activity of fruit pulp of guavira. The abaxial cuticle thickness (4.11 µm) and adaxial (4.71 µm) and stomatal index (13.70%) of guavira leaves were not influenced by spacing between plants or the use of chicken manure. The chicken manure induced reduction of the thickness of the abaxial and adaxial epidermis of guavira leaves, and induced an increase in thickness of leaf mesophyll and midrib. The spacing of 0.35 m between plants is indicated for the first year of cultivation in the field of guavira for fruit production.