Análise do grau de concentração do setor de distribuição de combustíveis

Abstract

The fuel market in Brazil has changed considerably since several tariff and non-tariff barriers were overturned in the early 1990s. Among them were liquid fuels, in which the prices of the products were released, allowing free competition. As a result, the entire distribution network was changed, and the insertion of Flex Fluel vehicles drove these changes, resulting in the entry of new companies. In this way, the reorganization of the market has been gaining in the last years due to the possible existence of power of the big distributors, making competition difficult. The present work has the objective of analyzing the market concentration of the main distributors according to the ranking of the National Petroleum Agency and the degree of competitiveness of the market. For this purpose, the concentration index and the Herfindahl- Hirschman concentration ratio of the four main distributors in Brazil were analyzed, analyzing the following products: Hydrated Ethanol, C Gasoline and Diesel Oil, in the Brazilian federal units from 2010 to 2015. The Results showed that the CR4 concentration ratio index obtained a high concentration, although oscillating between periods of growth and decay, this index has been increasing. What was observed is that in regions of higher consumption of liquid fuels the concentration was higher than that analyzed in smaller regions. The HH index, confirming the high market concentration by certain companies, indicated a competitive market with oligopolistic characteristics.