Dinâmica territorial, circuitos de comercialização e resistência nas modalidades de reprodução camponesa das Colônias Pulador, município de Anastácio-MS, e Jamic, município de Terenos-MS

Abstract

The peasantry of Mato Grosso do Sul presents a plurality of social subjects, which is represented by socioeconomic and cultural differences. In this research, we start from the hypothesis that peasantry, despite the diversity of subjects, has elements of permanence that maintain its unity. Such elements have as their centrality the land of work and dwelling and have shown an enormous capacity to recreate strategies of resistance in the countryside, even in a context of intensification of capitalist agriculture, which may provoke processes of expropriation of peasants and their proletarianization, but also processes of peasant recreation and reproduction. This assumption is based on the analysis of multiple determinations that have allowed us to understand the strategies of peasant reproduction, revealing the circuits of commercialization as important for the permanence in the countryside. The territorial cut of the research includes two colonies historically originated by different (i)migratory processes: the Pulador Colony, located in the municipality of Anastácio-MS and constituted, in its majority, by northeastern migrants; and the Jamic Colony, located in the municipality of Terenos-MS and formed by Japanese immigrants. Both have historical processes of peasant formation. However, they constitute distinct modalities of peasant reproduction, which were analyzed with the objective of identifying how the processes of peasant reproduction materialized in the areas of research, starting from the verification of different strategies of resistance developed by the peasant. As specific objectives, we intended to: analyze the resistance strategies adopted within peasant production units; understand the mechanisms of appropriation of the income produced by peasants; identify the resources adopted to increase autonomy in peasant production and commercialization; characterize social relations developed at the community level; and understand the processes of differentiation that occur in the midst of peasantry. For data collection, qualitative research was used, based on field observations and the application of the interview technique from the oral history of peasants in the research areas. We showed that the strategies of resistance (different practices developed in peasantry in their multiple determinations - social, economic, political, and cultural) reveal themselves in the territory dynamics and allow us to understand the processes of peasant reproduction in contemporary times. Therefore, we understand that strategies of resistance are fundamental for the reproduction of these social subjects, to indicate the relative autonomy of peasants in the processes of production and commercialization, and to understand the processes of differentiation that occur between production units, resulting in the diversity of social subjects found in the countryside. However, despite this diversity, the peasantry of Mato Grosso do Sul maintains characteristics that may be found in all communities, such as the daily struggle to remain in the land of work and dwelling, the family's performance in organizing productive activities, and the cultural and community bond – elements that characterize the peasant way of life.