Introdução ao crédito agroambiental no Brasil: sua influência sobre o desmatamento no bioma amazônia

Abstract

Deforestation of the Amazon biome is currently a major problem in Brazilian society, and this has negative consequences for Brazil, from ecosystem services whose supply is shaken to foreign trade agreements that hinder exports, in addition to the lack of exploitation of the economic potential of the biome. A possible instrument for combating deforestation is agroenvironmental credit, which is rural credit from the Programa ABC, PRONAF Ecologia, PRONAF Floresta and PRONAF Agroecologia. The granting of this credit implies that the rural producer proves to be in accordance with the environmental legislation and adopts agroenvironmental productive techniques. The objective was to verify agri-environmental credit contributed to a reduction in deforestation in the Amazon biome between the years 2015 and 2019. The analysis was done through panel data for these years, with each observation corresponding to municipal level. From this database, data were collected on deforestation, agro-environmental credit, non-agro-environmental rural credit and other economic variables that are related to deforestation according to the literature. With this database, a descriptive analysis was performed and a regression model was built. The regression model was estimated using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method for pooling data. As a result, it was found that agri-environmental credit has spread more among the municipalities, and that it contributes to a reduction in deforestation, which although it is not a large-scale reduction, shows that it has great potential as it still has a very tiny share into the total rural credit granted.