Humanização no atendimento às usuárias indígenas na perspectiva do parto e do nascimento em um hospital referência de Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

The cultural plurality of indigenous peoples, together with the conditions of social vulnerability in which they are inserted, is a challenge for health professionals, as initiatives such as the National Policy for Health Care for Indigenous Peoples and the National Humanization Policy do not effectively guarantee dignified and comprehensive assistance to these peoples. The University Hospital of the Federal University of Grande Dourados (HU-UFGD) is one of the reference hospitals in Mato Grosso do Sul, both in women's health care and in the health of indigenous peoples. One of the areas most impacted by cross-cultural shock is the sphere that encompasses indigenous women's health. The professionals who provide assistance to these women are lacking in health education and, consequently, in improving their routine practices. Therefore, the objective of this study is to understand the perceptions of health workers about the humanization of childbirth and birth and what are the main challenges encountered in assisting indigenous women. An online questionnaire was applied to all 324 professionals from the HU-UFGD maternal and child care line, with sociodemographic questions, about care for indigenous women, difficulties in care, knowledge about the Humaniza SUS Policy and aspects related to childbirth and birth of indigenous women. Among the results found in the research, there was a statistically significant difference regarding the discussion of the case of indigenous users among professionals, with the doctor having a different view from the other categories. As for knowledge about the National Humanization Policy, 60% of professionals claim to know it, just over 10% of workers knew the exact number and which indigenous ethnicities exist in the macro-region of Dourados-MS. Regarding issues related to childbirth, 31.3% of professionals report that it occurs when the woman chooses it and, regarding the father's participation in the kangaroo method, most professionals interviewed consider it important. Although most workers have expressed reactions consistent with the National Humanization Policy and national policies for women's health care in the field of indigenous health, there are still many advances to be made, as it is essential that workers reflection in order to guarantee individual rights and reproductive rights, taking care of the values, beliefs and traditions of indigenous women. It is necessary to consider that the institution in question is a reference center for these people and that the reality found in the journey of the health-disease process does not always match what is recommended in public health policies, especially in labor and birth. Therefore, the need to change the organization of work and the professional attitude towards the singularities of indigenous women is indisputable, especially in the promotion of permanent education actions.