Descolamento prematuro de placenta com manejo conservador: relato de caso e revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

Placental abruption (PPD) is an important obstetric complication that leads to an increased risk of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It is defined as the complete or partial separation of a placenta normally implanted before delivery, of severe multifactorial character and its etiopathogenetic mechanism is not yet fully understood. Adverse fetal outcomes such as intrauterine growth restriction, premature birth, low birth weight, fetal distress, low Apgar score, stillbirth, congenital anomalies, and perinatal death are also observed in cases of PPD. Despite increased awareness, placental abruption still remains unpredictable and inevitable. Maternal hemodynamic status, coagulation profile and fetal status are important clinical parameters in assessing severity. Continuous electronic monitoring of fetal heart rate and uterine activity aids in assessing severity and appropriate treatment.This study aims to present the case of a pregnant patient, who had placental abruption with conservative management, with the purpose of providing greater knowledge about the characteristics and management of this disease, thus contributing to an effective treatment that has a positive outcome for the pregnant woman and the fetus. This is an observational, descriptive study, carried out in August 2019, in which the proposed practice allowed the evolution of pregnancy up to the 28th week, with neonatal death due to extreme prematurity.