Associação de quitosana com extratos vegetais no controle pós-colheita de antracnose em mamão ‘formosa’

Abstract

Formosa Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a breathing pattern of fruit climacteric type, which favors quality losses in post-harvest and also has its deterioration accelerated by pathogen attack. The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) is the causal agent of anthracnose, main postharvest disease of papaya crop. Overuse of chemicals to control this disease has led to the emergence of tolerant pathogen races, and leave toxic residues that are harmful to the environment and human health. Because of these problems, the lines of research aimed at an alternative method of control have grown mainly by methods that combine the maintenance of conservation of fruits with disease control. The use of edible coatings as chitosan have filmogenic capacity and fungitoxic proven. The plant extracts of medicinal plants contains, in its composition, secondary metabolites with antimicrobial action. Seeking an alternative control method to use of agrochemicals, this study evaluated the efficacy of chitosan and plant extracts of clove, cinnamon, garlic and ginger and fungicide Prochloraz in inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides in vitro, and chitosan and plant extracts of clove cloves, cinnamon and fungicide Prochloraz in reducing the severity of anthracnose in postharvest in Formosa papayas. In the assay in vitro treatments with aqueous extracts of clove India 15%, clove India 15% + chitosan to 4%, cinnamon 30% and fungicide Prochloraz in the concentration of 100 ppm completely inhibited growth mycelium of the pathogen. In the in vivo test, the aqueous extracts of clove India 10% and cinnamon to 30% associated with 4% chitosan and fungicide reduced the severity of anthracnose.