Diversidade genética em feijoeiro baseado em parâmetros tecnológicos na colheita e após armazenamento

Abstract

Characteristic of the Brazilian people, beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), together with rice, constitute the popular dish in Brazil, being the most important source of proteins and the second source of carbohydrates. Problems related to the storage of agricultural products are the subject of permanent study, with the aim of prolonging the quality of stored products as much as possible, whether they are seeds or grains for consumption. As a result, when quality is lost after storage, the product loses value, generating a drop in economic gain for producers and lower sales. Current genetic improvement programs for bean crops aim to improve, in addition to attributes related to production, technological and nutritional characteristics. Genetic divergence makes it possible to monitor germplasm banks, helping to understand the genetic variability present in the population and help in choosing the right possible progenitors. The objective of this present study was to characterize attributes related to technological quality and protein content to assess genetic divergence between common bean lines, using multivariate statistical methods, immediately after harvest and after six months of storage. 19 strains were evaluated, immediately after harvest and after six months of storage, in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences (FCA) and Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences (FCBA), at the Federal University of Grande Dourados. The following characteristics were evaluated: luminosity parameters (L, a*, b*); Grain weight before cooking (PEANC); Grain weight after cooking (PEAPC); Weight of whole grains after cooking (PGI); Total solids in broth (SOLT); Soluble solids content (BRIX) and protein content (PROT). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by mean test (Scott Knott - 5%), genotypic and phenotypic correlation analysis and multivariate analyses. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, followed by mean test (Scott Knott - 5%), genotypic and phenotypic correlation analysis and multivariate analyses. Tocher's clustering methods were used, dendrograms by UPGMA, based on Mahalanobis distance. The divergence assessment was carried out, in general, according to the groupings obtained in each method and the contribution of each character to the composition of the divergence between the lineages. The variables that showed the greatest changes after the storage period were the luminosity variables (L and a*), followed by the protein content when tested. In an overview of the three conditions evaluated, the most promising lines for the formation of crosses, as they are genetically distant from each other, were L6 and L16. The characters that presented the greatest relative contribution to the divergence and differentiation of the lineages were for the post-harvest condition the variable a* (red-green) and L, and the same for the post-storage condition without the inclusion of protein content . With the inclusion of protein content, it was the one that had the greatest relative contribution to genetic divergence.