Violência interpessoal não fatal contra mulheres indígenas no Brasil entre 2015–2019: educação, políticas e notificações

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an alarming increase in violence against the indigenous population, representing a serious public health problem and a violation of human rights. In particular, indigenous women, children, and elderly people are the main victims of interpersonal violence. With the aim of analyzing the notification of interpersonal violence against indigenous women in Brazil during the period from 2015-2019, this study was stratified into three age groups: 4-19 years, 20-59 years, and ≥ 60 years. A total of 7,887 cases of violence against indigenous women were identified, with 3,325 cases in the age group of 4 to 19 years, 4,249 cases in the age group of 20 to 59 years, and 313 cases in the age group of ≥ 60 years. In addition, a significant increase in the number of violence notifications was observed in all age groups during the analysis period, corresponding to an increase of 123%, 95%, and 46% in the age groups of 4 to 19 years, 20 to 59 years, and ≥ 60 years, respectively. When analyzing the age groups, it was found that the most affected ages were between 12-16 years, 20-21 years, and 60-70 years. Physical violence was the most frequent form of violence reported in the age group of ≥ 12 years, while sexual violence prevailed in the age group of ≤ 11 years. In addition, the residence was identified as the most common place of occurrence of violence in all age groups analyzed. Regarding the education level of victims aged 20 or older, it was found that the majority had a low level of education, with the most reported being individuals between 20 to 59 years with incomplete elementary education. Moreover, indigenous people aged ≥ 60 years had higher frequencies of notifications in the illiteracy category. When stratifying notifications by Brazilian states, the results indicate that Mato Grosso do Sul has the highest number of cases of violence against indigenous women in all age groups. In addition, the municipality of Amambai is the city with the highest number of reported violence cases against indigenous females, followed by Dourados. These results highlight the urgency of public policies and protection actions for the indigenous population in Brazil. This study presented evidence of the increasing number of indigenous women, children, and elderly people who are victims of various forms of violence in Brazil. The results obtained contribute to the advancement of knowledge about violence against indigenous females in the country. It is urgent to implement effective actions to address this problem and protect the human rights of the indigenous population, especially women, children, and elderly people who are the main victims of interpersonal violence. It is essential to identify and understand the factors that lead to this alarming scenario and develop effective strategies for the prevention and combat of violence against indigenous females, in order to build a more just society for all Brazilians. In this sense, education is crucial in preventing violence and promoting a culture of respect and inclusion. Schools have an important role in educating students about non-violence and fostering a culture of respect and diversity. Therefore, it is essential for schools to prioritize the development of educational programs that promote non-violence and respect for human rights, including the rights of indigenous women.