Conflitos fundiários e afirmação étnica: o caso da autodemarcação do território indígena Munduruku no Planalto Santareno e o avanço do agronegócio (2010-2022)

Abstract

This dissertation aims to elucidate the process of self-demarcation of the Munduruku Indigenous Territory on the Plateau of Santarém, undertaken by the Munduruku and Apiaká Indigenous Council and Indigenous Associations. The event was supported by the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT), the Indigenous Missionary Council (CIMI) and the Tapajós-Arapiuns Indigenous Council (CITA). The aforementioned Self-Demarcation process is directly linked to the impacts of the expansion of soybean agribusiness and intrinsically related to the Munduruku and Apiaká's demand for official territorial demarcation by the National Foundation for Indigenous Peoples (FUNAI), in accordance with Law 1775/1996. The aforementioned Self-Demarcated Indigenous Land is located on the right bank of the Amazon River, in a paraná (river channel) known as Lago do Maicá or Aiaiá, intersected or bordered by soya farms, quilombola communities and traditional populations. In the course of this research, I set out to explain the mobilisation of the Munduruku and Apiaká indigenous people in the face of the land pressure they are suffering, listing the strategies that have been devised and developed, such as: Self-Demarcation, the Consultation Protocol and the Management and Use Plan for the territory and the creation of the Planalto Santareno Indigenous Council. These actions demonstrate the Indigenous Movement's leading role in the fight for their territorial rights in the Lower Tapajós. The arrival of agribusiness in the 2000s in the west of Pará, in the Amazon, generated serious agrarian conflicts as a result of the market for public lands (through illegal leasing and/or land grabbing). These events caused fractures within the indigenous, quilombola and riverside communities affected by the colonising/invasive modus operandi. In the humanities and social sciences, there are few studies on the expansion of soybean agribusiness on indigenous land on the Santareno Plateau (in the Lower Tapajós region). Our perspective of analysis is based on the mobilisations in defence of the territory, especially the process of Self-Demarcation, led by the peoples affected by the advance of the agricultural frontier of commodities.