Fertilizantes orgânico, organomineral e químico na produção de grãos de soja

Abstract

Soybeans are considered a medium to high demand crop in terms of fertility requirement. Fertilizers are essential for the soybean crop to fully express its maximum productivity potential. Thus, its nutritional needs must be met, and it is essential to correctly manage soil fertility, with the use of fertilizers, which can be of chemical, organic or organomineral origin. However, in addition to providing nutrients, organic or organomineral fertilizers can improve the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the soil. The research aimed to evaluate combinations of organic, organomineral and chemical fertilizers isolated or associated in the production of soybeans, as an alternative to traditional chemical fertilizer. The work was developed at the UFGD experimental farm in Dourados - MS during the 2023/2024 harvest. 8 treatments were used, namely: 1) 3 tons per hectare (ton/ha) of organic fertilizer; 2) 2 ton/ha of organic fertilizer + 150 kg/ha of chemical formulation 04-30-10; 3) 2 ton/ha of organic fertilizer + 300 kg/ha of 04-30-10; 4) 2 ton/ha of organomineral; 5) 1.5 ton/ha of organomineral fertilizer + 150 kg/ha of 04-30-10; 6) 1.5 ton/ha of organomineral fertilizer + 300 kg/ha of 04-30-10; 7) 150 kg/ha of 04-30-10; and 8) 300 kg/ha of 04-30-10. The experimental design was randomized blocks (DBC), with 4 replications and totaling 32 plots. The evaluations carried out were composed of: plant height, number of pods per plant, weight of one thousand grains and grain yield. The results showed higher productivity obtained in treatment 6, which used 1.5 ton/ha of organomineral fertilizer + 300 kg/ha of 04-30-10, with 65 bags per hectare (sc/ha) of soybean, however, in treatment 5, which used 1.5 ton/ha of organomineral + 150 kg/ha of 04-30-10, it produced 63 bags. In treatment 7, which used 150 kg/ha of 04-30-10, it had the lowest yield, with 47 sc/ha. Thus, it is concluded that the use of organic fertilizers or organomineral associated with chemicals brings a significant increase in soybean productivity.