Prevalência de baixo peso ao nascer e crescimento intrauterino restrito e fatores associados entre crianças indígenas Guarani, Kaiowá e Terena atendidas pelo polo base de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

To estimate the prevalence of Low Birth Weight (LBW) and Restricted Intrauterine Growth (IUGR) in Guarani, Kaiowá and Terena indigenous children attended by the Polo Base de Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul during the years 2015 to 2020, and identify the association with sociodemographic and health factors. Methods: This is a cross sectional, descriptive and analytical study that used secondary data on sociodemographic variables, maternal and newborn health collected from consolidated spreadsheets, originating from the daily care records of health professionals at the Base Center of Dourados. For the classification of LBW, a weight of less than 2,500 grams was considered and IUGR was considered when the z-score of birth weight for gestational age was ≤-2. LBW and IUGR were considered the outcome variables and the other exposure variables. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were carried out using Logistic Regression in STATA 16.0 Software, considering those with a p-value <0.05 to be statistically significant. Results: A total of 2,710 children took part in the study, 65.0% of the Kaiowá ethnic group, 19.5% Terena and 15.5% Guarani. The prevalence of LBW was highest among Kaiowá children (15.4%), followed by Guarani children (11.2%) and Terena children (10.0%) (p=0.002). The prevalence of IUGR was also higher among Guarani Kaiowá children (2.7%), followed by Guarani Ñandeva (1.4%) and Terena (0.6%) children (p=0.007). In multivariate analyses, Guarani Kaiowá children who were born in a hospital environment and by vaginal birth were less likely to have LBW. For Terena children, the chance of LBW was also lower for those born vaginally. For IUGR, in multivariate analyses, Kaiowá children living in Aldeias Panambi and Panambizinho were 5.00 times more likely to have IUGR when compared to children living in camps and recovery areas. Guarani Kaiowá children who were born in a hospital and those born vaginally were less likely to have IUGR. Conclusion: Given the high rates of LBW, together with the prevalence of IUGR, the present study can help to understand the health conditions of indigenous women and children attended by the Dourados Base Center, in addition to contributing to the promotion of studies on this theme, thus being able to contribute to the development of actions that aim to minimize the prevalence of these outcomes in indigenous populations.