O Projeto Integrado de Proteção às Terras e Populações Indígenas na Amazônia Legal (PPTAL): uma análise das políticas ambientais e indigenistas no período de redemocratização

Abstract

With the return to democracy in 1985, the Brazilian government strengthened its relationship with the international community on issues such as human rights and the environment. The Rio-92 Conference highlighted the national commitment to sustainable development, supported by foreign investments. This integration between the environment and development resulted in the implementation of projects to combat deforestation and improve public policies, such as the Rain Forest Indigenous Lands Project (PPTAL). As a result, indigenous peoples, historically marginalized in national policies, became more integrated into the processes that directly affect them, such as land demarcation. This study aims to analyze the role of PPTAL in public and environmental policies during a period of re-democratization, with a government more receptive to international demands, and to present the contrast between the political approach of the dictatorship and the democratic approach after the 1988 Constitution and the adherence to PPTAL. To develop these points, the following issues will be evaluated: i) the transition from an authoritarian regime to democracy; ii) compliance with the demarcation deadline stipulated in the 1988 Constitution; iii) involvement of indigenous peoples in public policies; and iv) the government's openness to international investments and themes from external organizations. Through these questions, it was possible to identify that public policies in Brazil began to be shaped not only by internal interests but also by the dynamics of an international scenario increasingly attentive to environmental and human rights issues.