De criança a aluna: memórias da infância e da escolarização de professoras (1930-1970)

Abstract

This paper aims to analyze and reflect about the processes of scholarization of the childhoods lived in Brazil during the twentieth century, between the decades of 1930 and 1970, based on the memories of elementary and pre-school teachers and the relations they established in the school environment. We assume that the school institution, both socially and historically, figured as one the main institutions for the civilization of individuals, and produced the child-student. In this sense, we aim to understand the scholarized childhoods of five people who lived in this period in the country area of the states of São Paulo and Mato Grosso and told us their memories based on the Oral History methodology. This paper is divided in three chapters, namely: the contribution of history and of the civilizing process to the understanding of childhood; the memories of the scholarized childhoods; and the relations between adults and children at school. Throughout the scholarization of its childhood, the school-child would learn in the institutions the socially established behaviors and rules of conduct, deeply marked by patterns like to be a good girl, a good daughter and a good student, all values and attitudes presented during the scholarizing process. Thus, through our studies and based on the memories told by the teachers, we were able to identify the importance of the school in the formation and the civilization of the generations.