Acesso à educação superior pelo ENEM/SiSU: uma análise da implementação nas universidades sul-mato-grossenses

Abstract

This research has as main objective to analyze the process of implementing the National Secondary Education Examination (SiSU) in conjunction with the Unified Selection System (SiSU) as a means of access to public higher education in Mato Grosso do Sul State, action research guided by the following specific objectives: to examine the process of the historical construction of the selective processes of the access to higher education from the period of 1808 to 2010 and identify the ENEM in the context of policies for higher education; map the implementations circumstances of the ENEM/ SiSU, observing the behavior of the agents involved and the logistic conditions of institutions and evaluate the process of implementation of ENEM/SiSU, identifying the collected data relating to the occupation of vacancies process. By this way, is that this research question: to what extent the use of ENEM/SiSU as policy of access to higher education in Mato Grosso do Sul is providing the process improvement occupancy of vacancies by course and the democratization of the access to the candidate of the selection process for higher education? It was adopted as the theoretical framework the Policy Cycle of Draibe (2001), Figueiredo and Figueiredo (1986), Frey (2000) and Palumbo (1998), and as methodological instruments was made use of the documentary analysis, interviews, content analysis and descriptive statistical analysis of the collected data. It is inferred from these studies that after the implementation of ENEM/SiSU, the possibilities of access for candidates in the selection process for higher education were expanded as a result of the expansion of places where the tests are applied and beyond this, the greater coverage exemption from registration. It is still verified, by means of the reporting managers, that the percentage of mobility has increased in the UEMS and UFMS, but not in a significant way. It appears from the analysis that the process of occupation of vacancies was not improved, given that the percentage of annual avoidance and entrant unlinked (dropouts or unconnected), the remaining vacancies, among other indicators that were already bad, were expanded. The difficulty in occupying the vacancies can be considered a structural problem of the Brazilian educational policy and that has not been met by the current ENEM / SiSU, given that the focus on this problem is present in this political diary since 1960 - which explains the complexity the fact. For this reason, it is important to continue researching on the topic, so that they can extend the analyzes and reflections on this problem.