IOT e agricultura de precisão: aplicações, benefícios e desafios

Abstract

This review addresses the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) in precision agriculture, highlighting how this technology integrates sensors and smart systems to transform agricultural practices. The main applications of IoT are discussed, such as smart irrigation, efficient use of inputs, and early detection of pests and diseases, with the aim of improving productivity and sustainability. IoT-based irrigation systems have significantly reduced water consumption, while NPK sensors optimize fertilizer use, promoting greater sustainability and productivity. In addition, automation and real-time monitoring enable data-driven decision-making. However, challenges such as high initial costs, lack of infrastructure, and the need for standardization remain barriers. This work also suggests future directions, including the integration of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), as well as technologies such as 5G and digital twins, which promise to increase efficiency and sustainability in precision agriculture.