Incêndios florestais em Corumbá e Ladário (MS): o Pantanal Sul-Mato-Grossense frente às mudanças climáticas

Abstract

Global warming, intensified by the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, has caused significant changes in climate patterns, resulting in the intensification of extreme events, such as prolonged droughts, severe floods, and an increased occurrence of wildfires. In the Pantanal biome, one of the largest wetlands in the world, these changes have directly affected the hydrological cycle, reducing the duration of flood periods and increasing the environmental vulnerability of the region. This study aimed to analyze the occurrence of wildfires and their relationship with climate change in the southern Mato Grosso do Sul portion of the Pantanal, with emphasis on the municipalities of Corumbá and Ladário. To this end, bibliographic data, climate information, and geospatial technologies were used, with emphasis on remote sensing and geoprocessing, enabling the development of cartographic products and the multitemporal analysis of land use and land cover. The results indicate that the intensification of wildfires is associated with prolonged drought periods, reduced rainfall, and changes in the flooding pulses characteristic of the biome. It was observed that, despite the vegetation's capacity for regeneration, the recurrence of extreme events compromises ecological balance and directly affects biodiversity, economic activities, and local populations. The use of geospatial technologies proved to be fundamental for environmental monitoring in large and difficult-to-access areas, contributing to the understanding of environmental changes and reinforcing the need for continuous studies on the impacts of climate change on the Pantanal. In view of the results obtained, there is an urgent need for integrated strategies that combine environmental policies, territorial planning, and public health actions, aiming to mitigate the impacts of climate change, strengthen socio-environmental resilience, and preserve the biome.