Cultivo de feijão-comum com água residuária de suinocultura: efeitos na produtividade e armazenamento dos grãos

Abstract

The storage of common bean grains is an essential step for maintaining product quality, since physicochemical and functional changes may occur over time, affecting grain technological attributes. In addition, cultivation conditions may influence the initial grain quality and interfere with their performance during storage. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of cultivation systems with swine wastewater application on the technological attributes of common bean grains, cultivar TAA Dama, during storage. The study was conducted through two experiments, the first focused on evaluating crop agronomic performance and the second on assessing grain quality during 180 days of storage. Variables related to crop growth, development, and productivity were evaluated, as well as grain technological attributes, including cooking characteristics, water absorption, soluble and total solids, grain integrity, and color parameters. The storage experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD), using a 2 × 3 × 6 factorial scheme, considering two cultivation systems (with and without swine wastewater application), three types of packaging (PET, polyethylene, and kraft paper with zip-lock closure), and six storage periods (0, 36, 72, 108, 144, and 180 days). Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey’s test at 5% probability, regression analysis to evaluate the effect of storage period, and multivariate analyses, including Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The results indicated that the cultivation system influenced some grain technological attributes; however, the storage period was the main factor responsible for the observed changes. Throughout the 180-day storage period, modifications occurred in cooking time, seed coat color, soluble solids, total solids, and percentage of whole grains. Grains obtained from cultivation with swine wastewater showed lower cooking time at specific storage periods and a higher percentage of whole grains at the end of storage. Multivariate analyses indicated that technological quality-related attributes were the main variables responsible for differentiating treatments throughout the evaluated period. It was concluded that storage period had a greater influence on grain changes, while the cultivation system showed punctual effects on specific technological attributes. Multivariate analysis allowed the identification of cooking, color, and grain integrity variables as important indicators for characterizing changes occurring during storage.