Fatores de risco relacionado à lesão intraepitelial cervical em mulheres atendidas no SUS

Abstract

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women, accounting for 250,000 female deaths per year. An old and persistent public health problem, the identification of risk factors related to the development of cervical intraepithelial lesions is important for the development of strategies related to public health policies for its control. In order to identify the risk factors related to cervical intraepithelial lesions and cervical cancer in women treated in primary and secondary care of the Unified Health System of the city of Dourados - MS, a control case study was conducted with 498 women, From 18 to 65 years of age, group of cases: 166 women had cervical lesions of varying degrees and control group: 332 with negative cytological examination. All the women answered a structured questionnaire with socioeconomic information, clinical information and risk behavior. E, submitted to the procedure of oncotic colpocitology with two samples of cellular smear on glass slide, in both samples the cytological examination was performed for the cellular morphological evaluation. In 42.1% of the women in the group of cases presented low-grade intraepithelial lesions, followed by 33.7% high-grade intraepithelial lesions, 19.8% Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance, 2.4% Atypical Glandular Cells of Undetermined Significance and 1.8% Adenocarcinoma and Carcinoma. It was observed as risk factors for the development of cervical lesion and cancer (P> 001): brown color / race, low schooling, alcohol consumption, sexually transmitted infection and more than two sexual partners in the last 5 years. Other factors evaluated were associated with cervical lesions, such as being smokers, infection with the previous human papillomavirus, sexual intercourse before 15 years of age. Protective factors for lesion development are use of condoms and gynecological surgery. Although our work did not directly assess the actions of health education, it was possible to observe little knowledge and adherence to public prevention policies, being necessary the evaluation of health education measures, sex education and infection control program for Papillomavirus and Cervical cancer, aimed at effectiveness, that provide access to early diagnosis and interventions in factors linked to the vulnerability of women in the development of the disease.