Educação como superação da barbárie: esclarecimento e reificação em Lukács, Adorno e Honneth

Abstract

The present paper takes as its starting point the critique of the Enlightenment (Aufklärung) made by Adorno and Horkheimer and investigates the hypothesis developed by first of a conception of education to overcome barbarism. The paper discusses the foundations of the Adornian notion of barbarism in Freud's theory of culture. In particular, the hypothesis that civilization originates and progressively strengthens what is anti-civilizing, seeking to distinguish the dialectical relationship between socialization processes and certain forms of objectification of the subject that characterize the phenomena of reification. Then, taking the instrumental rationality of the Enlightenment as a mechanism for objectifying the subject in modern capitalist society, the article discusses the concept of reification in György Lukács, its relationship with the criticism of the Enlightenment in Adorno and Horkheimer and updating proposal of this concept by Axel Honneth, from the recognition theory.