A agricultura familiar no cenário do programa nacional de alimentação escolar em municípios da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Abstract

The formulation of public policies has to be directly linked to socioeconomic problems so that, in fact, its role is fulfilled and evaluated by social control and its results are provided to the community. In this scenario, the National School Feeding Program was created more than 60 years ago, in 1955, and due to its relevance, it became a reference for other countries due to the promotion of the Human Right to Adequate Food; its cross-sectoral approach; access by students to quality food; and the promotion of family farming. Thus, the PNAE values local markets and small producers, contributing to the structuring of food systems and encouraging the purchase of more sustainable and healthier foods. Based on this, the present study aimed to evaluate the acquisition of foodstuffs from family farming for the PNAE in the municipalities of the Brazilian Midwest region. The research is observational, cross-sectional. The collection instrument was an online questionnaire developed and sent by e-mail to nutritionists who work in the PNAE of the municipalities that are part of the states of the Midwest region. The questions referred to the period before the pandemic, until 2019, after the pandemic, in 2020 and some with specific periods. For this, a sample calculation was carried out according to the rural-urban typology used by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), divided into five categories. The results were analyzed using the SPSS version 22 statistical software. The association between dependent (outcomes) and independent (exposures) categorical variables were evaluated using the chi-square test and ANOVA when continuous. Analyzes with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) were considered significant. Based on the results of the present study, it was found that, in 2019, about half of the municipalities in the Midwest region (CO) of the country purchased at least 30% of products from family farming and the average purchase percentage was 33. 1%, without difference by state or type of municipality. Family farming was included in the PNAE in many municipalities, however, it has not yet reached its full potential. These results demonstrate that, after 14 years of the creation of Law nº 11.947/2009, only 54.8% of the municipalities in the CO region are complying with the minimum obligation, and among these, it was verified that there was not much progress in the expansion and valorization of these products in school meals.